BT011O · Bertrand theorem

bertrand_add_swap_nested

Alpha v34 checked-use theorem · independently kernel and Lean verified; not Stable

Swap the first two addends under a fixed trailing addend.

Current library: Alpha v34, 4,223 checked-use theorems; Stable remains 432. Historical first admissions, original proof editions, and non-admitted aliases are preserved. Exact original first-admission records.

Statement with defined notation

forall a b c. a + (b + c) = b + (a + c)

Every purple notation token opens its conservative definition. Expanding the displayed statement recovers the exact first-order Peano-arithmetic formula checked by the unchanged kernel.

Definitions used by this theorem

In the theorem statement

none

0 occurrences

In local proof propositions

none

0 occurrences

Exact expanded native-PA statement
forall a b c. a + (b + c) = b + (a + c)

Proof neighborhood

Direct theorem prerequisites

Direct theorem dependents

Definition-aware tactic body

Only local propositions introduced by have or suffices are compacted. Every changed line has an exact-AST conservative-expansion receipt; the kernel still receives the immutable original tactic script.

Read the argument

Proof checkpoints

11 script commands · 7 reading checkpoints · 0 local claims

This is a reading aid, not a new proof or a proof-tree certificate. Checkpoint groups are consecutive commands, not inferred branch boundaries. Every step links to the preserved script.

Definition notation is shown below. Open the paired exact edition for the original native formulas. Source pairing is not a new equivalence certificate.

Named ingredients (2)
01Fix variables and assumptionsL1–3

Work with arbitrary variables or the premises of the current implication.

  1. L1
    intro a
  2. L2
    intro b
  3. L3
    intro c
02Calculate and transport equalitiesL4–5

Carry out the recorded arithmetic or equality steps; inspect the exact commands for their direction and premises.

  1. L4
    trans (a + b) + c
  2. L5
    symm
03Use earlier factsL6–6

Instantiate or apply named facts and discharge the corresponding proof obligations.

  1. L6
    apply add_assoc
04Calculate and transport equalitiesL7–8

Carry out the recorded arithmetic or equality steps; inspect the exact commands for their direction and premises.

  1. L7
    trans (b + a) + c
  2. L8
    congr
05Use earlier factsL9–9

Instantiate or apply named facts and discharge the corresponding proof obligations.

  1. L9
    apply add_comm
06Calculate and transport equalitiesL10–10

Carry out the recorded arithmetic or equality steps; inspect the exact commands for their direction and premises.

  1. L10
    refl
07Use earlier factsL11–11

Instantiate or apply named facts and discharge the corresponding proof obligations.

  1. L11
    apply add_assoc

Library-wide reading audit

Original defined command ledger · 11 lines
  1. 0001intro a
  2. 0002intro b
  3. 0003intro c
  4. 0004trans (a + b) + c
  5. 0005symm
  6. 0006apply add_assoc
  7. 0007trans (b + a) + c
  8. 0008congr
  9. 0009apply add_comm
  10. 0010refl
  11. 0011apply add_assoc